
Stu's back, with questions about matriarchy vs. patriarchy. William Barghest has also arrived, and we feel a need to explain the basics of Lutheran Surrealist thought. Not so much as to create agreement (full agreement is never possible), but simply as a form of orientation.
Since Bachofen is the truest center of LS thought, let's dive back into the archives, and resurrect Bachofen in all his dire difficulty. Matriarchy doesn't mean rule by women. Patriarchy doesn't mean rule by men. Matriarchy (according to Bachofen) means rule of the strongest, with desire as the only principle (which it was, purely and simply, for the surrealists, or, as Marcel Duchamp put it, "eros, c'est la vie"). Bachofen said that patriarchy was the beginning of principles. Let's sketch the whole thing out (you can't leave anything to Wikipedia).
According to the Teach Yourself Greek Myth Series, there is a simple set of criteria by which one can distinguish between a matriarchy and a patriarchy.
Matriarchy
Feeling
Passive acceptance of nature
Acceptance of humanity
Unconditional love
Happiness
Unity
"The law of nature"
Patriarchy
Man-made laws
Rationality
Efforts to change, control or exploit nature
Judgment
Conditional love
Obedience
Hierarchy
The college that I went to -- Evergreen State -- tried to inculcate the matriarchal values. I felt sorry for everyone who believed in those ideas. Then, in graduate school, where I studied with a number of French-based intellectuals, those laws were again inculcated, or at least the attempt was made. However, in this case I studied mostly with one brilliant Jewish man, and I could always feel the enormous respect for the true laws of justice written on the heart just underneath his matriarchal surface. I had been raised as a Lutheran, and felt very comfortable with Judaism. Lutherans accept the ten commandments. There is an obedience to the given ruler, and to God. Although rationality is to be used, it cannot take us to the highest place, which is to faith.
I was taught at Evergreen and at the University of Washington the idea of Gaia -- the primitive Greek notion of a primal mother, or that the earth is one thing. We had Earth Day on campus, which was a laughable event where bugs were held up as moral professors. Bretonian surrealism partakes in this, esp. in its later phases -- Arcane 17 (written during WWII) in which an island off the coast of Canada is compared favorably to Notre Dame Cathedral at the heart of Paris.
The great project of French modernism was to release all repressed forces or agents and to massacre the church-sponsored state that seemed to them to have locked shut the lid of the Pandora's box of revolution. Having opened the box after the French Revolution
Race,
Gender,
Class,
Insanity,
Bad Hygiene,
Sexuality of every kind (including child molestation -- Foucault explicitly waived any and all criminal statutes with regard to sexuality -- including that of child prostitution)
All of these were to come out of the box with Nadja (in Russian the name means Hope).
Freud's idea that we would abolish the work day and instantiate permanent revels (the end of all taboos was said in Totem & Taboo to usher in a permanent holiday),
Marx's erasure of the upper class through the "dictatorship of the proletariat" as it was called in the C. Manifesto, calls as well for a permanent holiday, but this
has led to a crisis. If Man Ray painted Sade's pleasure at the burning of the Bastille, then we should also see Luther's gaze as he watches the City of God burnt to the ground by the utopian left under the Anabaptists, who begin to rape Lutheran women. The choice is between the leftist Sade, and the man of God Luther.
To unleash the id is monstrous. To unleash the lower classes so that they can decapitate the upper classes (what the Khmer Rouge did to the educated in Cambodia), is bad, bad especially as a return to a rural utopia of the matriarchal kind which invariably posits a single dynamic tyrant (communism is always already not only matriarchal, but represents a return to an even lower form, in which there is one leader, who uses the rest as if they have no subjectivity, but are only material to be sculpted into whatever he desires).
We urge instead a turn from the convulsive tearing down of the riotous revolutionaries of Sade and surrealism and communist insurrection TOWARD a return of marriage, church, and government.
It has been seventy five years since Sade was first feted by the surrealists, and now we watch as child molesters walk, divorce rates exceed 90%, police are badmouthed, and syntax is stretched.
LS is on the ramparts of the Bastille, calling for a return to order. The festival of the id that culminated in the sinful life of the Marquis de Sade (Simone de Beauvoir calls him a great moralist!) shows us the best that the left has to offer. Lutheran Surrealism cries out for order against this chaos.
The fundamental disorder wreaking havoc in our society is the problematic distinction between patriarchy and matriarchy. Teach Yourself Greek Myths, tells us of these distinctions between matriarchy and patriarchy.
Matriarchy is the law of nature, while patriarchy is based on heaven-sent laws.
Matriarchy is feeling, while patriarchy is rationalist.
Matriarchy is passive acceptance of nature, while patriarchy controls nature.
(p. 37)
Sade is not quite a matriarch in Bachofen's terms, much less is he the quintessential matriarch. Bachofen argues that there is a level even lower than matriarchy in which "the male is still dominant; every tribe is headed by its tyrannos" and that this is found in "conjunction with the extreme degradation of woman" (143). Nowhere is rule by men said however to be the essence of patriarchy. Patriarchy is law and order, the ten commandments, liberties and responsibilities, checks and balances, marriage, church, and government. Preceding matriarchy is tyranny in which individual feeling predominates, and the Sadean Minotaur is the symbol. Marriage is the rise of Hera, and the notion that pure male tyranny is broken. Symbolically, the west has made a precipitous turn, due to a willfully catastrophic misreading of Bachofen. Because above matriarchy is civil law, instantiated by the coming of the sky gods, and the notion that there are transcendent and universal principles or laws. Against mere feeling, Bachofen has posed marriage as the litmus test of a society's cultivation. The lowest societies use women as whores or as ashtrays because the materialist emphasis predominates (Bachofen specifically puts down Islamics, and says that there is a reason they worship the moon, and by moons, since it symbolically represents the night of desire, as opposed to the burning sun of high noon, when judgment is at its most keen.) ("The lowest of all orders of creation is that of Aphroditean desire" (190)). The highest societies sanction marriage because the religious emphasis predominates. Marriage represents a curtailment of bestial natural law. The way in which the weaker party is treated determines the level of society.
Bachofen sees the marriage principle as the basis for the Trojan War. Helen and Paris break her marriage vows to Menelaus, but even within her marriage to Menelaus she is not treated as an equal partner. Contrasted with this is Odysseus' marriage to Penelope. Emancipation from the "crudely sensual animal life" (143) first begins under matriarchy, but it finds its truest expression in "purely spiritual father right" (147) in which "just laws" prevail over the "material side of our human nature" (147). Odysseus has had lengthy stays among matriarchal goddess cults, and has fornicated endlessly to the point that he loses all track of time with Circe and with other goddesses, who tyrannize him, and sap all his strength, but ultimately he arises from these foul nests and returns to his wife.
The surrealist left has turned not to Odysseus but to Sade who uses women as if he wants to destroy all of creation itself. The right urges us not to seek glee in the burning of our traditions, or in the return of the satanic Sade to the canon but the left chortles fiendishly and insists, laughing at the prudery of the right. If we are Christian we look to the right (away from the id and toward the paternal superego) and we must resurrect all taboos surrounding sexuality, and maintain the phrase "complete depravity" in regards to basic human nature. Against nature we must pose the safeguards of Christian thought: walls and boundaries, police and surveillance, order and care not to sin, as we recathect the ten commandments, and the Final Judgment of God.
QUOTES FROM BACHOFEN (appendix):
"There is only one mighty lever of all civilization and that is religion" (85).
"The exclusivity of the marriage bond seems essential to the nobility and higher calling of human nature" (93).
"The initial determined resistance to the bestial state of sexual promiscuity is woman's. It is woman who artfully or forcefully puts an end to this degrading state. The staff is wrenched from the male, the woman becomes the master. This transition is inconceivable without individual marriage" (142).
"Hera makes use of the dance to check the excessive manhood of her wild son Ares. This principle of harmonious movement is contained in marriage, whose rigorous law is upheld by women... In a noteworthy passage Strabo imputes this culture-bringing benign power of woman to fear of God, which first dwelled in woman and which she implanted in the men" (144).
Quotes from Myth, Religion, and Mother Right (Princeton UP, 1967) (NB: this edition is a 200-page bowdlerization of the 1400 page original, which has never been translated into English.)
TIME AS A CRUCIAL ASPECT OF PATRIARCHY!
Surrealism found its inspiration in dreams. In dreams there is no sense of time. Time gets stuck, time stretches, as it does in Dali's watches, during dreams.
But Lutheran surrealism believes in time.
Unlike all those movements who would like to waft us back to the timeless present of the matriarchies, Lutheran Surrealism believes in patriarchy. We believe that time is of the essence: not only must we redeem ourselves in time, but that great actions are possible only through time. In this sense we are closer to the novel than to lyric poetry; and in this sense we are closer to Homer than we are to Shelley.
It is crucial that Odysseus must struggle for TWENTY YEARS to get back home to Penelope and to his MARRIAGE.
Whereas the surrealists privileged moments outside of time, moments of magical eros, we privilege the arc of duration of marriage (marriage as a patriarchal notion, according to Bachofen).
In Breton's great novel Nadja, or in Soupault's Last Nights of Paris (translated by matriarchal thinker William Carlos Williams, who endlessly befouled his own marriage with haetarism), we see the two whoremonger surrealists out of their heads over prostitutes. By the end of the novels the fixation they have is over, and the few erotic contacts are done. They actually celebrate this whoremongering and these ephemeral contacts when they should be ashamed of them!
Matriarchy is about hedonism, pure and simple. And hedonism leads to use and abuse of the weak (Nadja is put in an insane asylum at the end of Breton's novel, and the narrator never visits her).
Lutheran surrealism is about principles, and principles lead to protection of the weak with laws and contracts, such as the marriage contract. The ultimate weak are the children. (What happened to Nadja's child?) We like the idea that children have parents who are legally bound to protect them. And we like to think about lyric poetry or narrative art as one that is not so much about a chance interaction between two people who never see one another again, but rather the deep contractual space between people who are thoroughly engaged with one another for generations. This latter has not been a big topic for lyrical poetry for at least a few centuries.
We try to elucidate fulcrum moments where character is formed. Character means the choice between good and evil. Choosing something good is evidence of good character. Bad is bad character.
In a larger sense, we think that those poets who celebrate ephemeral encounters are themselves choosing evil over good. Anything of brief duration is automatically evil. We believe that photography of bums met on the street is an evil practice, just as evil as giving them money, because it implies a brief glancing acquaintance rather than sustained community. Bums are bums (generally) because they haven't accepted their role in time, but have instead sought oblivion through wine or drugs.
To be in time together brings out all the sin & mischief of which a person is capable. We get to know one another in a deeper sense through time. It is only through time that character can be illuminated. The surrealist novels that celebrated the ephemeral had no plot because they also had no character, and thus they also had no sense of a revelation of character. Our novels are moving in another direction. Not toward matriarchy, and the dumbness of the lyrical moment outside of time, but toward patriarchy, and the intelligent fulcrum inside of time, while waiting for eternity.
We are interested in those institutions that rise above the brief hedonistic contract of the hippies and the surrealists. We are interested in churches, schools, hospitals, and government agencies, in longstanding businesses and railroads and highways. Anything that is meant to last more than one generation. If timelessness and love without consequences is important to matriarchies, we are interested in restraint of desire, and in the ways in which people hold back in order to think about the long-term repercussions of our actions on the patriarchal institutions that hold together life in the Christian west. Anything that lasts one generation or less (by default) is evil. Ultimately, only eternity has any value.